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SDKMusic generation
v0.22, not the current release

Music generation

Generate music and other audio from text, lyrics, and musical controls using ACE-Step or MiniMax-Music3.

Overview

Music generation uses @qvac/audiogen-ggml, with your choice of either ACE-Step 1.5 or MiniMax-Music3 as the inference engine. Load a model with modelType: "audiogen" and select the engine with modelConfig.engine — "minimax" for MiniMax-Music3; ACE-Step is the default. Then call audioGen() with a caption and any engine-specific inputs.

Pick ACE-Step when you need lyrics, per-song musical controls (BPM, key, time signature, vocal language), reference-audio timbre conditioning, cover generation, editing of an existing recording with audioEdit(), or describing one with audioUnderstand(). Pick MiniMax-Music3 when you want a lighter API surface — just a caption and a handful of sampling knobs — on desktop hardware with a capable GPU.

audioGen() (and audioEdit()) returns immediately with:

  • requestId — a synchronous identifier for targeted cancellation.
  • progressStream — stage and step updates while generation runs.
  • audio — a promise resolving to interleaved PCM, its sample rate, channel count, and bitsPerSample.
  • stats — a promise resolving to timing statistics, plus what the run rendered: see What the run rendered.

Both engines return through this same shape; only the inputs to loadModel() and audioGen() differ. audioUnderstand() runs the same pipeline backwards and so returns description where the other two return audio.

Platform support: ACE-Step runs on desktop (Linux, macOS, Windows) and mobile (Android arm64, iOS arm64), with GPU acceleration via Metal (Apple) and Vulkan (Android). MiniMax-Music3 runs on desktop only and needs ~22 GB of device memory for its f16 model pair on a GPU. Check the memory fit of ACE-Step before downloading it, and of either engine before loading it.

Functions

Use the following sequence:

  1. loadModel()
  2. audioGen() — or audioEdit() to edit an existing recording, or audioUnderstand() to describe one (both ACE-Step only)
  3. unloadModel()

For complete signatures, see the SDK API reference.

Enable the plugin

When your project selects plugins explicitly, add the AudioGen plugin:

qvac.config.json
{
  "plugins": ["@qvac/sdk/audiogen-ggml/plugin"]
}

Then rebuild the SDK bundle:

qvac bundle sdk

If plugins is omitted or empty, all built-in plugins are included. See the plugin system for bundle and Bare runtime registration details.

Models

Unlike single-file model families, AudioGen does not use a top-level modelSrc. Supply every model source in modelConfig, and select the engine with modelConfig.engine.

ACE-Step

ACE-Step uses four GGUF files — text encoder, LM, one DiT variant of the three listed, and VAE:

StageSDK model constantPurpose
Text encoderAUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0Encodes captions and lyrics
Language modelAUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0Plans the song and musical structure
DiTAUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_MFast, lower-memory Turbo generation
DiTAUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q8_0Higher-precision Turbo generation
DiTAUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_SFT_Q8_0Supervised fine-tuned generation
VAEAUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16Decodes the latent into PCM audio

The first ACE-Step load downloads ~3.3 GB across these four files. On slow or unstable links, set registryStreamTimeoutMs: 600000 and registryDownloadMaxRetries: 10 in qvac.config.json and point QVAC_CONFIG_PATH at that file before loading.

import {
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
  AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
  loadModel,
} from "@qvac/sdk";

const modelId = await loadModel({
  modelType: "audiogen",
  modelConfig: {
    engine: "acestep",
    textEncModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
    lmModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
    ditModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
    vaeModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
    useGPU: true,
  },
});

Advanced load-time controls (inferenceSteps, shift, nGpuLayers, threads, backendsDir) are ACE-Step's to tune; omit inferenceSteps and shift unless you need to override the addon's per-variant defaults. inferenceSteps is an integer from 0 to 1000 and shift is 0 or a positive float32 value; 0 keeps the per-variant default for both, and a generation or edit can override either for one run. backendsDir is needed on arm64, where the CPU backend ships as per-microarch modules.

For more about model constants and sources, see SDK — Models.

MiniMax-Music3

MiniMax-Music3 uses two GGUF files that you supply as local paths — the language model (mm3-lm-*.gguf) and the synthesis model (mm3-synth-*.gguf). The SDK does not download MiniMax-Music3 from the registry, so bring your own converted files and point lmModelSrc and synthModelSrc at them. Weights are governed by the MiniMax-Music3 Community License.

import { loadModel } from "@qvac/sdk";

const modelId = await loadModel({
  modelType: "audiogen",
  modelConfig: {
    engine: "minimax",
    lmModelSrc: "/path/to/mm3-lm-q8.gguf",
    synthModelSrc: "/path/to/mm3-synth-q8.gguf",
    useGPU: true,
  },
});

useGPU: true runs on a GPU when one is usable and falls back to the CPU otherwise. To fail the load instead of falling back, set device: "gpu" in place of useGPU. device takes "gpu", "auto" (what useGPU: true means) or "cpu", and the SDK rejects a config that sets both device and useGPU.

Generate audio

caption is required and cannot be empty. Everything else is engine-specific.

The SDK returns raw interleaved PCM rather than a WAV file for both engines. Use bitsPerSample when calculating sample counts or constructing a WAV header so consumers remain correct if the addon changes sample width. The complete examples below include a dependency-free WAV writer.

With ACE-Step

Pass optional lyrics and musical controls to steer the LM:

import { audioGen } from "@qvac/sdk";

const run = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "Energetic cumbia with brass stabs and live percussion",
  lyrics: `[verse]
The city wakes beneath the moon

[chorus]
Dance until the morning comes`,
  vocalLanguage: "en",
  bpm: 98,
  keyscale: "A minor",
  timesignature: "4/4",
  duration: 30,
  seed: 42,
});

for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
  console.log(`${progress.stage}: ${progress.step}/${progress.total}`);
}

const [{ pcm, sampleRate, channels, bitsPerSample }, stats] = await Promise.all(
  [run.audio, run.stats],
);

Omit lyrics or use "[Instrumental]" for instrumental output. Omitted musical controls are inferred from the caption. Set augmentCaptionWithMetadata: true to also reinforce the BPM, key, and time-signature hints in the engine's internal conditioning caption (the result metadata keeps your original caption); it defaults to false.

duration is approximate. ACE-Step rounds the requested length to its latent frame grid, so the generated clip can be shorter or longer than requested. Use stats.audioDurationMs or calculate the duration from the returned PCM frame count and sampleRate; those values describe the actual output.

LM-assisted captions, lyrics, and scoring (ACE-Step only)

Four controls put the LM to work around the caption you pass. All four require the default taskType: "text2music" and are rejected on any other task:

FieldWhat it does
simpleModeTreats caption as a short natural-language query and lets the LM compose the full request — a detailed caption, lyrics, and any metadata you left unset. Options you did set are kept. Leave lyrics unset for LM-written vocals, or pass "[Instrumental]" for an instrumental. Cannot be combined with audioCodes.
rewriteQueryQuery Rewriting: the LM rewrites caption into a detailed musical description while preserving your lyric content. It takes both caption and lyrics as input, so real lyrics are required — "[Instrumental]" belongs to Simple Mode. Faithful rewriting needs the 1.7B LM.
generateLrcAligns the lyrics with the generated audio and returns karaoke-style LRC text in stats.lrc, with an alignment confidence in stats.lyricsScore. Needs lyrics to align: pass lyrics or let Simple Mode write them. Instrumental requests are rejected.
computeQualityScoreTeacher-forces the generated codes back through the LM and reports a weighted [0, 1] match against the request in stats.qualityScore (caption/lyrics PMI plus metadata recall). Costs extra LM forwards after code generation; made for ranking a batch of takes.

simpleMode and rewriteQuery are mutually exclusive — one writes the lyrics, the other rewrites around lyrics you supply — and the SDK rejects a request that sets both.

// A one-line query, expanded by the LM, scored and timestamped.
const run = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "a hopeful indie track for a road-trip montage",
  simpleMode: true,
  generateLrc: true,
  computeQualityScore: true,
});

const { lrc, lyricsScore, qualityScore } = (await run.stats) ?? {};

Output and guidance controls (ACE-Step only)

FieldPurpose
normalizeLoudnessPercentile loudness normalization on the generated audio (default true): the 99.999th-percentile sample scales to full scale and the tiny tail above it clips. Set false for the raw engine output. Audio edits are never normalized.
guidanceScaleDiT classifier-free guidance scale. 0 (the default) resolves automatically — 1.0 on turbo variants, which disables CFG, and 7.0 on base/SFT. Values above 1 run CFG via APG and double the DiT cost per step.

Sampling and DCW controls (ACE-Step only)

Advanced per-run controls map 1:1 to the ACE-Step engine and are only needed for reproducible quality comparisons; omit them to keep the engine defaults:

FieldPurpose
lmTemperatureLM sampling temperature (default 0.85)
lmTopPLM nucleus-sampling probability (default 0.9)
lmTopKLM top-k cutoff; 0 disables top-k filtering
lmCfgScaleClassifier-free guidance scale used by the LM
lmPhase1Let the LM infer missing metadata before semantic-code generation
dcwEnabledApply the official Haar DCW correction during DiT sampling (default: true)
dcwScalerDCW low-frequency correction strength (default 0.05)
dcwHighScalerDCW high-frequency correction strength (default 0.02)
audioCodesFrozen semantic codes (an Int32Array or number[]) to synthesize instead of running the LM — for example the codes of an earlier take. Up to AUDIOGEN_MAX_AUDIO_CODES (3000, ten minutes at the LM's 5 Hz)
inferenceStepsDiT steps for this run (0 to 1000), overriding the load-time value; 0 is the per-variant default (8 on turbo, 50 on base and SFT)
shiftDiT timestep shift for this run, overriding the load-time value; 0 is the per-variant default (3.0 on turbo, 1.0 on base and SFT)

bpm is a non-negative integer (0 lets the LM infer it), seed a safe integer, and the DCW scalers non-negative values within the float32 range. The SDK rejects anything else before the request reaches the engine.

What the run rendered (ACE-Step only)

Every ACE-Step generation reports what it rendered in stats.metadata, after the LM filled in whatever you left unset. That includes the caption and lyrics Simple Mode or Query Rewriting composed, and the seed the run used, so an unseeded take you like can be replayed:

FieldMeaning
caption, lyricsThe caption and lyrics the run used. With augmentCaptionWithMetadata the caption is always your own, before the metadata hint.
bpm, keyscaleThe tempo and key the run used; bpm is 0 when unresolved.
beatsPerBarThe time-signature numerator (4 for 4/4); 0 when unresolved.
vocalLanguageThe vocal language the run used.
seedThe seed the run used: the one the engine drew when you passed none.
codeFramesThe 5 Hz semantic code frames the DiT was conditioned on; 0 when the LM is skipped (cover-nofsq, lego, edits).
qualityReportThe per-condition breakdown of stats.qualityScore, present only with computeQualityScore.
const take = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "a rainy-day lo-fi loop",
  simpleMode: true,
});
const rendered = (await take.stats)?.metadata;
console.log(rendered?.caption, rendered?.lyrics);

// Replay the same take.
const replay = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "a rainy-day lo-fi loop",
  simpleMode: true,
  seed: rendered?.seed,
});

MiniMax-Music3 runs report no metadata.

With MiniMax-Music3

MiniMax-Music3 exposes a smaller input surface. It rejects ACE-Step's musical controls (bpm, keyscale, timesignature, vocalLanguage, augmentCaptionWithMetadata), the ACE-Step-only LM and DCW knobs, audioCodes and shift above, the LM-assisted and guidance controls (rewriteQuery, generateLrc, computeQualityScore, guidanceScale), every reference/cover field, and both audioEdit() and audioUnderstand(). It ignores simpleMode and normalizeLoudness. Pass the caption and, when useful, any of these MiniMax-only controls:

FieldWhen to set it
lyricsVocal lyrics; use "[Instrumental]" for instrumental output.
seedRNG seed for reproducible generation.
durationTarget length in seconds. Internally converted to the model's 25 semantic frames per second. Cannot be combined with maxFrames.
maxFramesExplicit semantic-frame cap when you want direct control over length instead of a seconds-based target. Cannot be combined with duration.
inferenceStepsPer-run flow sampling steps; leave unset (or 0) to use the engine default (20). Raise it to trade generation time for higher quality.
cfgScalePer-run flow classifier-free guidance scale; leave unset (or 0) to use the model default. Raise it to follow the caption more literally, lower it for more freedom.
import { audioGen } from "@qvac/sdk";

const run = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "Warm cinematic piano with gentle strings",
  lyrics: "[Instrumental]",
  seed: 7,
  cfgScale: 1.7,
  inferenceSteps: 8,
});

const [{ pcm, sampleRate, channels, bitsPerSample }, stats] = await Promise.all(
  [run.audio, run.stats],
);

Besides the timing statistics, a MiniMax run's stats split the engine time by stage — arMs (the autoregressive semantic stage), conditionMs, flowMs and vocoderMs, all in milliseconds — and report emittedFrames, the semantic frames the model emitted at 25 per second. emittedFrames comes in below the frame cap when the song ended on its own.

Reference audio and covers

Reference, cover, and per-layer generation are ACE-Step only — MiniMax-Music3 rejects referenceAudio, sourceAudio, taskType, and track.

referenceAudio conditions the generated timbre without changing the text-to-music task. taskType: "cover-nofsq" re-renders sourceAudio with a new caption while keeping its structure, optionally combined with a timbre reference:

import { audioGen } from "@qvac/sdk";

// Timbre reference only.
const styled = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "slow blues with warm electric guitar",
  lyrics: "[Instrumental]",
  referenceAudio: "/path/to/reference.mp3",
});

// Cover: keep the structure of the source song, change the arrangement.
const cover = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "orchestral arrangement with dramatic strings",
  lyrics: "[Instrumental]",
  taskType: "cover-nofsq",
  sourceAudio: "/path/to/source.wav",
  referenceAudio: "/path/to/reference.wav",
  audioCoverStrength: 1,
  coverNoiseStrength: 0.75,
});
  • referenceAudio — Optional timbre reference. Provide it to nudge the generated timbre toward the reference recording; omit it to let the engine pick freely.
  • taskType — "text2music" (default) for caption-driven generation, "cover-nofsq" to re-render sourceAudio with a new caption while keeping its structure, or "lego" to regenerate a single instrument layer of sourceAudio. The vocabulary is exported as AUDIOGEN_TASK_TYPES.
  • sourceAudio — The source recording the task works from. Required when taskType is "cover-nofsq" or "lego".
  • audioCoverStrength — Fraction of DiT steps (0..1) that keep the source context. "cover-nofsq" currently requires 1; the SDK rejects any other value, so omit it or pass 1.
  • coverNoiseStrength — Blends the initial noise toward the source latent (0..1). Closer to 0 gives more variation; closer to 1 stays nearer the source. Default 0.
  • track — The instrument layer "lego" regenerates. Required when taskType is "lego" and rejected on any other task. One of AUDIOGEN_TRACKS: "vocals", "backing_vocals", "drums", "bass", "guitar", "keyboard", "percussion", "strings", "synth", "fx", "brass", "woodwinds".

"lego" runs on the base DiT only — the engine rejects both the turbo and the sft variants. Every AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_* DiT constant on this page is one of those, so a lego request built from them fails in the engine. The base DiT is not in the registry variant set yet: pass it as an explicit ditModelSrc path.

// Lego: keep the song, rebuild one layer of it.
const newDrums = audioGen({
  modelId,
  caption: "the same song with a busier, live-sounding kit",
  taskType: "lego",
  track: "drums",
  sourceAudio: "/path/to/song.wav",
});

Both referenceAudio and sourceAudio accept either a file path (the SDK decodes .wav, .mp3, .m4a, .ogg, .flac, and .aac server-side; any other extension is read as raw interleaved stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM) or a Buffer / Uint8Array in that same raw PCM layout (see AUDIOGEN_INPUT_SAMPLE_RATE and AUDIOGEN_INPUT_CHANNELS). Clips are capped at 600 s.

Edit an existing recording

audioEdit() is ACE-Step only. It runs an ordered pipeline of edit operations over one source recording and returns the same run shape as audioGen(). Operations execute in array order and may repeat or mix:

  • flow-edit — re-conditions the whole clip from a from prompt (what the source is) to a to prompt (what it should become), over an optional nMin..nMax diffusion window (0..1, defaults 0 and 1) with nAvg forward-noise samples per step (default 1). Supported on the turbo DiT variants only (AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M, AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q8_0); the SFT variant rejects it.
  • repaint — regenerates the start..end range (seconds) against a new caption, keeping the audio outside the range. Omit end to repaint through the end of the source; the range must stay inside the source and span at least one latent frame (1/25 s). mode is "conservative", "balanced" (default), or "aggressive", and strength (0..1, default 0.5) tunes balanced-mode preservation.
import { audioEdit } from "@qvac/sdk";

const run = audioEdit({
  modelId,
  sourceAudio: "/path/to/song.wav",
  operations: [
    {
      type: "flow-edit",
      from: { caption: "original pop song", lyrics: originalLyrics },
      to: { caption: "guitar pop-rock", lyrics: newLyrics },
    },
    {
      type: "repaint",
      caption: "analog synth solo",
      lyrics: "[Instrumental]",
      start: 10,
      end: 20,
    },
    {
      type: "flow-edit",
      from: { caption: "guitar pop-rock" },
      to: { caption: "dark synthwave" },
    },
  ],
  seed: 22883,
});

for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
  console.log(`${progress.stage}: ${progress.step}/${progress.total}`);
}
const { pcm, sampleRate, channels, bitsPerSample } = await run.audio;

sourceAudio takes the same forms as the generation inputs above — a file path decoded server-side, or raw interleaved stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM bytes — and every sample must lie in [-1, 1]. Prompt lyrics default to "[Instrumental]". seed seeds the first operation; each following operation uses seed + index. The vocabularies are exported as AUDIOGEN_EDIT_OPERATIONS and AUDIOGEN_REPAINT_MODES.

The rest of an edit's inputs apply to every operation in the pipeline, with the same ranges as on a generation:

FieldPurpose
referenceAudioTimbre reference, in the same forms as sourceAudio. Its samples need only be finite.
vocalLanguage, bpm, keyscale, timesignature, augmentCaptionWithMetadataPrompt metadata for the edit prompts, as on a generation.
dcwEnabled, dcwScaler, dcwHighScalerRepaint only: the Haar DCW sampler correction (defaults true, 0.05 and 0.02).
inferenceSteps, shiftDiT steps and timestep shift for every operation, overriding the load-time values.

The edit's stats.metadata reports the base seed it used and the prompt metadata it was given, with an empty caption (each operation carries its own) and codeFrames 0.

Understand a recording

audioUnderstand() is ACE-Step only. It runs the generation pipeline backwards: the engine encodes sourceAudio, recovers its FSQ semantic codes, and the LM reports a caption and the clip's musical metadata. Because the run produces a description rather than PCM, it returns description where audioGen() returns audio; requestId, progressStream, stats, and diagnostics are unchanged.

import { audioUnderstand } from "@qvac/sdk";

const run = audioUnderstand({
  modelId,
  sourceAudio: "/path/to/song.wav",
  vocalLanguage: "en",
  seed: 11,
});

for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
  console.log(`${progress.stage}: ${progress.step}/${progress.total}`);
}

const {
  caption,
  bpm,
  keyscale,
  timesignature,
  vocalLanguage,
  duration,
  audioCodes,
} = await run.description;

description resolves to:

FieldMeaning
captionThe LM's description of the clip.
bpm, keyscale, timesignature, vocalLanguageThe musical metadata the LM read off the recording.
durationThe LM's estimate in seconds. The recovered codes fix the true length.
audioCodesThe recovered FSQ semantic codes, as a plain integer array.
seedThe seed the LM decode used: the one the engine drew when you passed none.

sourceAudio takes the same forms as every other audio input — a file path decoded server-side, or raw interleaved stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM bytes with every sample in [-1, 1] — and is capped at 600 s. seed, vocalLanguage, lmTemperature, lmTopP, and lmTopK are the only other inputs: vocalLanguage is forced into the result instead of the LM's guess, and the rest steer the LM decode exactly as they do on a generation.

The recovered codes are a generation input, so a description round-trips straight back into audioGen():

const { caption, audioCodes } = await audioUnderstand({ modelId, sourceAudio })
  .description;

// Re-synthesize the same piece without re-running the LM.
const remake = audioGen({ modelId, caption, audioCodes });

The same description is repeated on the terminal frame as stats.understand, so a caller that only wants stats does not need to read the stream.

Check memory before loading

assessModelFit() runs the engine's own fitter over a load described as loadModel() takes it, reading model metadata only — no weights are downloaded or loaded. Both engines are covered:

  • ACE-Step, on every platform, from the registry's weightless descriptions of the four model constants, so before anything is downloaded, or from the files already on disk.
  • MiniMax-Music3, on desktop, from the LM and synthesis files on disk, since it has no registry constants. It projects the default generation (300 semantic frames, 12 s) on the device the config selects: device as given, otherwise useGPU.

The audiogen fitter reports a peak across the pipeline rather than a byte breakdown. When an audiogen load is the only model assessed, the fitter's verdict, fit or refusal, is the answer. Assessed together with other models, only a refusal (likely-too-large) carries over; a fit falls back to the computed floor.

import { assessModelFit } from "@qvac/sdk";

const { verdict, models } = await assessModelFit({
  models: [
    {
      modelType: "audiogen",
      modelConfig: {
        engine: "minimax",
        lmModelSrc: "/path/to/mm3-lm-q8.gguf",
        synthModelSrc: "/path/to/mm3-synth-q8.gguf",
        device: "gpu",
      },
    },
  ],
});

loadModel() runs the same fitter against the resolved files before it loads; see Assess model fit for the verdicts and how a refusal can stop a load.

Cancellation

The request ID is available before generation starts, so a stop button can cancel exactly that run:

import { audioGen, cancel, InferenceCancelledError } from "@qvac/sdk";

const run = audioGen({ modelId, caption: "Ambient electronic music" });
stopButton.onclick = () => cancel({ requestId: run.requestId });

try {
  await run.audio;
} catch (error) {
  if (!(error instanceof InferenceCancelledError)) throw error;
}

AudioGen supports hard cancellation on both engines: the addon interrupts the active generation. The stream terminates with stopReason: "cancelled", and the audio and stats promises reject with InferenceCancelledError. audioEdit() and audioUnderstand() runs cancel the same way, rejecting audio and description respectively. You can also broad-cancel AudioGen work — generations and edits alike — with cancel({ modelId, kind: "audiogen" }).

See Runtime — Cancellation for cancellation behavior shared across the SDK.

Example

ACE-Step

This example loads the registry-hosted ACE-Step models, reports progress, generates an instrumental, and writes the PCM output as WAV.

The generated Python client exposes the contract-level audio_gen_stream() method. Unlike the TypeScript audioGen() wrapper, it yields progress, base64 PCM chunks, and the terminal stats frame directly; callers decode and concatenate the chunks themselves — see the Python tab.

generate-music.ts
import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
import {
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
  AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
  audioGen,
  loadModel,
  unloadModel,
  type ModelProgressUpdate
} from '@qvac/sdk'

// Usage:
//   npx tsx examples/audiogen/generate-music.ts "lo-fi hip hop, mellow piano" output.wav
const caption =
  process.argv[2] ?? 'Lo-fi hip hop with mellow piano, soft drums, and a warm bass line'
const outputPath = process.argv[3] ?? 'audiogen-output.wav'

let modelId: string | undefined
const lastLoggedPercentageByDownload = new Map<string, number>()
const completedDownloads = new Set<string>()

try {
  console.log('▸ Loading ACE-Step AudioGen models...')
  modelId = await loadModel({
    modelType: 'audiogen',
    modelConfig: {
      textEncModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
      lmModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
      ditModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
      vaeModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
      useGPU: true,
      inferenceSteps: 8
    },
    onProgress: (progress: ModelProgressUpdate) => {
      const mb = (bytes: number) => (bytes / 1e6).toFixed(1)
      const label = getDownloadLabel(progress.downloadKey)
      const line =
        `▸ Downloading ${label}: ${progress.percentage.toFixed(0)}% ` +
        `(${mb(progress.downloaded)}/${mb(progress.total)} MB)`

      if (process.stderr.isTTY) {
        process.stderr.write(`\r${line}`)
        if (progress.percentage >= 100 && !completedDownloads.has(progress.downloadKey)) {
          completedDownloads.add(progress.downloadKey)
          process.stderr.write('\n')
        }
        return
      }

      const percentageBucket = Math.floor(progress.percentage / 5) * 5
      const lastLogged = lastLoggedPercentageByDownload.get(progress.downloadKey)
      const isNewCompletion = progress.percentage >= 100 && lastLogged !== 100
      if (lastLogged === undefined || percentageBucket > lastLogged || isNewCompletion) {
        lastLoggedPercentageByDownload.set(progress.downloadKey, percentageBucket)
        process.stderr.write(`${line}\n`)
      }
    }
  })

  console.log(`▸ Model loaded: ${modelId}`)
  console.log(`▸ Generating: ${caption}`)

  const run = audioGen({
    modelId,
    caption,
    lyrics: '[Instrumental]',
    seed: 42,
    duration: 10
  })
  console.log(`▸ requestId: ${run.requestId}`)

  for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
    const value =
      progress.total > 0 ? `${progress.step}/${progress.total}` : `${progress.step} (indeterminate)`
    console.log(`▸ ${progress.stage}: ${value}`)
  }

  const [audio, stats] = await Promise.all([run.audio, run.stats])
  const wav = createWav(audio.pcm, audio.sampleRate, audio.channels, audio.bitsPerSample)
  writeFileSync(outputPath, wav)

  const samplesPerChannel = audio.pcm.byteLength / (audio.bitsPerSample / 8) / audio.channels
  console.log(
    `▸ Generated ${samplesPerChannel} samples per channel at ` +
      `${audio.sampleRate} Hz (${audio.channels} channels)`
  )
  if (stats) console.log(`▸ Stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`)
  console.log(`▸ Saved ${outputPath}`)

  await unloadModel({ modelId })
  modelId = undefined
  console.log('▸ Model unloaded')
  process.exit(0)
} catch (error) {
  if (modelId !== undefined) {
    try {
      await unloadModel({ modelId })
    } catch {
      // Preserve the generation error as the primary failure.
    }
  }
  console.error('✖', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

function getDownloadLabel(downloadKey: string) {
  return downloadKey.split('/').pop() ?? downloadKey
}

function createWav(pcm: Uint8Array, sampleRate: number, channels: number, bitsPerSample: number) {
  const header = new ArrayBuffer(44)
  const view = new DataView(header)
  const blockAlign = channels * (bitsPerSample / 8)

  writeAscii(view, 0, 'RIFF')
  view.setUint32(4, 36 + pcm.byteLength, true)
  writeAscii(view, 8, 'WAVE')
  writeAscii(view, 12, 'fmt ')
  view.setUint32(16, 16, true)
  view.setUint16(20, 1, true)
  view.setUint16(22, channels, true)
  view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true)
  view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(32, blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(34, bitsPerSample, true)
  writeAscii(view, 36, 'data')
  view.setUint32(40, pcm.byteLength, true)

  const wav = new Uint8Array(44 + pcm.byteLength)
  wav.set(new Uint8Array(header))
  wav.set(pcm, 44)
  return wav
}

function writeAscii(view: DataView, offset: number, value: string) {
  for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
    view.setUint8(offset + index, value.charCodeAt(index))
  }
}

The cover example takes an existing recording (any FFmpeg-decodable file), an optional timbre reference, and a new caption, and writes the cover-nofsq result as WAV:

generate-cover.ts
import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
import {
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
  AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
  audioGen,
  loadModel,
  unloadModel
} from '@qvac/sdk'

// Re-render an existing song with a new caption (ACE-Step "cover-nofsq"),
// optionally conditioning the timbre on a second reference clip.
//
// Usage:
//   npx tsx examples/audiogen/generate-cover.ts <source.wav|mp3|...> "orchestral arrangement" [reference.wav] [output.wav]
//
// Both audio inputs are file paths: the SDK decodes them (any FFmpeg-decodable
// format) to the 48 kHz stereo float PCM the engine expects. Pass raw
// interleaved stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM as a Buffer instead when the audio
// is already in memory.
const sourcePath = process.argv[2]
const caption = process.argv[3] ?? 'Orchestral arrangement with dramatic strings'
const referencePath = process.argv[4]
const outputPath = process.argv[5] ?? 'audiogen-cover.wav'

if (!sourcePath) {
  console.error(
    'Usage: npx tsx examples/audiogen/generate-cover.ts <source-audio> "<caption>" [reference-audio] [output.wav]'
  )
  process.exit(1)
}

let modelId: string | undefined

try {
  console.log('▸ Loading ACE-Step AudioGen models...')
  modelId = await loadModel({
    modelType: 'audiogen',
    modelConfig: {
      textEncModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
      lmModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
      ditModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
      vaeModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
      useGPU: true
    }
  })
  console.log(`▸ Model loaded: ${modelId}`)
  console.log(`▸ Covering ${sourcePath} as: ${caption}`)

  const run = audioGen({
    modelId,
    caption,
    lyrics: '[Instrumental]',
    taskType: 'cover-nofsq',
    sourceAudio: sourcePath,
    ...(referencePath !== undefined && { referenceAudio: referencePath }),
    // cover-nofsq keeps the full source context; coverNoiseStrength blends the
    // initial noise toward the source latent (0 = pure noise, 1 ≈ source).
    audioCoverStrength: 1,
    coverNoiseStrength: 0.75,
    seed: 22886
  })
  console.log(`▸ requestId: ${run.requestId}`)

  for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
    const value =
      progress.total > 0 ? `${progress.step}/${progress.total}` : `${progress.step} (indeterminate)`
    console.log(`▸ ${progress.stage}: ${value}`)
  }

  const [audio, stats] = await Promise.all([run.audio, run.stats])
  writeFileSync(
    outputPath,
    createWav(audio.pcm, audio.sampleRate, audio.channels, audio.bitsPerSample)
  )
  if (stats) console.log(`▸ Stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`)
  console.log(`▸ Saved ${outputPath}`)

  await unloadModel({ modelId })
  modelId = undefined
  process.exit(0)
} catch (error) {
  if (modelId !== undefined) {
    try {
      await unloadModel({ modelId })
    } catch {
      // Preserve the generation error as the primary failure.
    }
  }
  console.error('✖', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

function createWav(pcm: Uint8Array, sampleRate: number, channels: number, bitsPerSample: number) {
  const header = new ArrayBuffer(44)
  const view = new DataView(header)
  const blockAlign = channels * (bitsPerSample / 8)

  writeAscii(view, 0, 'RIFF')
  view.setUint32(4, 36 + pcm.byteLength, true)
  writeAscii(view, 8, 'WAVE')
  writeAscii(view, 12, 'fmt ')
  view.setUint32(16, 16, true)
  view.setUint16(20, 1, true)
  view.setUint16(22, channels, true)
  view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true)
  view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(32, blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(34, bitsPerSample, true)
  writeAscii(view, 36, 'data')
  view.setUint32(40, pcm.byteLength, true)

  const wav = new Uint8Array(44 + pcm.byteLength)
  wav.set(new Uint8Array(header))
  wav.set(pcm, 44)
  return wav
}

function writeAscii(view: DataView, offset: number, value: string) {
  for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
    view.setUint8(offset + index, value.charCodeAt(index))
  }
}

The edit example takes an existing recording plus a source and a target caption, runs a Flow-Edit followed by a Repaint of seconds 10–20, and writes the result as WAV:

edit-music.ts
import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
import {
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
  AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
  audioEdit,
  loadModel,
  unloadModel
} from '@qvac/sdk'

// Edit an existing recording with ACE-Step: a Flow-Edit that re-conditions the
// whole clip from a source prompt to a target prompt, then a Repaint that
// regenerates one time range against a new prompt. Operations run in order.
//
// Usage:
//   npx tsx examples/audiogen/edit-music.ts <source.wav|mp3|...> "original pop song" "guitar pop-rock" [output.wav]
//
// The source must run at least REPAINT_END seconds: the Repaint below asks for
// a fixed window, and a range past the end of the source is rejected with
// `repaint.start must be within the source duration`.
//
// The source is a file path: the SDK decodes it (any FFmpeg-decodable format)
// to the 48 kHz stereo float PCM the engine expects. Pass raw interleaved
// stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM in [-1, 1] as a Buffer instead when the audio
// is already in memory — for example the `pcm` of an earlier `audioGen()` run,
// converted from Int16 to Float32.
// Repaint window, in seconds from the start of the source.
const REPAINT_START = 10
const REPAINT_END = 20

const sourcePath = process.argv[2]
const fromCaption = process.argv[3] ?? 'Original pop song'
const toCaption = process.argv[4] ?? 'Guitar pop-rock'
const outputPath = process.argv[5] ?? 'audiogen-edit.wav'

if (!sourcePath) {
  console.error(
    'Usage: npx tsx examples/audiogen/edit-music.ts <source-audio> "<from caption>" "<to caption>" [output.wav]'
  )
  process.exit(1)
}

let modelId: string | undefined

try {
  console.log('▸ Loading ACE-Step AudioGen models...')
  modelId = await loadModel({
    modelType: 'audiogen',
    modelConfig: {
      textEncModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
      lmModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
      // Flow-Edit needs a turbo DiT variant; Repaint works on every variant.
      ditModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
      vaeModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
      useGPU: true
    }
  })
  console.log(`▸ Model loaded: ${modelId}`)
  console.log(`▸ Editing ${sourcePath}: "${fromCaption}" -> "${toCaption}"`)

  const run = audioEdit({
    modelId,
    sourceAudio: sourcePath,
    operations: [
      {
        type: 'flow-edit',
        from: { caption: fromCaption },
        to: { caption: toCaption }
      },
      {
        // Regenerate the repaint window as a synth solo; the rest is kept.
        type: 'repaint',
        caption: 'analog synth solo',
        lyrics: '[Instrumental]',
        start: REPAINT_START,
        end: REPAINT_END,
        mode: 'balanced',
        strength: 0.5
      }
    ],
    // Seeds the first operation; each following operation uses seed + index.
    seed: 22883
  })
  console.log(`▸ requestId: ${run.requestId}`)

  for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
    const value =
      progress.total > 0 ? `${progress.step}/${progress.total}` : `${progress.step} (indeterminate)`
    console.log(`▸ ${progress.stage}: ${value}`)
  }

  const [audio, stats] = await Promise.all([run.audio, run.stats])
  writeFileSync(
    outputPath,
    createWav(audio.pcm, audio.sampleRate, audio.channels, audio.bitsPerSample)
  )
  if (stats) console.log(`▸ Stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`)
  console.log(`▸ Saved ${outputPath}`)

  await unloadModel({ modelId })
  modelId = undefined
  process.exit(0)
} catch (error) {
  if (modelId !== undefined) {
    try {
      await unloadModel({ modelId })
    } catch {
      // Preserve the edit error as the primary failure.
    }
  }
  console.error('✖', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

function createWav(pcm: Uint8Array, sampleRate: number, channels: number, bitsPerSample: number) {
  const header = new ArrayBuffer(44)
  const view = new DataView(header)
  const blockAlign = channels * (bitsPerSample / 8)

  writeAscii(view, 0, 'RIFF')
  view.setUint32(4, 36 + pcm.byteLength, true)
  writeAscii(view, 8, 'WAVE')
  writeAscii(view, 12, 'fmt ')
  view.setUint32(16, 16, true)
  view.setUint16(20, 1, true)
  view.setUint16(22, channels, true)
  view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true)
  view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(32, blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(34, bitsPerSample, true)
  writeAscii(view, 36, 'data')
  view.setUint32(40, pcm.byteLength, true)

  const wav = new Uint8Array(44 + pcm.byteLength)
  wav.set(new Uint8Array(header))
  wav.set(pcm, 44)
  return wav
}

function writeAscii(view: DataView, offset: number, value: string) {
  for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
    view.setUint8(offset + index, value.charCodeAt(index))
  }
}

The understand example takes an existing recording and prints the caption, musical metadata, and recovered code count the LM reports for it:

understand-music.ts
import {
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
  AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
  AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
  audioUnderstand,
  loadModel,
  unloadModel
} from '@qvac/sdk'

// Describe an existing recording with ACE-Step's reverse pipeline: the engine
// encodes the audio, recovers its FSQ semantic codes, and the LM reports a
// caption and the clip's musical metadata.
//
// Usage:
//   npx tsx examples/audiogen/understand-music.ts <source.wav|mp3|...> [language hint]
//
// The source is a file path: the SDK decodes it (any FFmpeg-decodable format)
// to the 48 kHz stereo float PCM the engine expects. Pass raw interleaved
// stereo 48 kHz Float32 LE PCM in [-1, 1] as a Buffer instead when the audio
// is already in memory.
const sourcePath = process.argv[2]
const vocalLanguage = process.argv[3]

if (!sourcePath) {
  console.error('Usage: npx tsx examples/audiogen/understand-music.ts <source-audio> [language]')
  process.exit(1)
}

let modelId: string | undefined

try {
  console.log('▸ Loading ACE-Step AudioGen models...')
  modelId = await loadModel({
    modelType: 'audiogen',
    modelConfig: {
      textEncModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_QWEN3_EMBEDDING_0_6B_Q8_0,
      lmModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_5HZ_LM_0_6B_Q8_0,
      ditModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_ACESTEP_V15_TURBO_Q4_K_M,
      vaeModelSrc: AUDIOGEN_VAE_BF16,
      useGPU: true
    }
  })
  console.log(`▸ Model loaded: ${modelId}`)
  console.log(`▸ Analysing ${sourcePath}`)

  const run = audioUnderstand({
    modelId,
    sourceAudio: sourcePath,
    // Forced into the result instead of the LM's guess; omit to let it decide.
    ...(vocalLanguage !== undefined && { vocalLanguage }),
    seed: 11
  })
  console.log(`▸ requestId: ${run.requestId}`)

  for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
    const value =
      progress.total > 0 ? `${progress.step}/${progress.total}` : `${progress.step} (indeterminate)`
    console.log(`▸ ${progress.stage}: ${value}`)
  }

  const [description, stats] = await Promise.all([run.description, run.stats])
  console.log(`▸ Caption: ${description.caption}`)
  console.log(`▸ ${description.bpm} BPM, ${description.keyscale}, ${description.timesignature}`)
  console.log(`▸ Vocal language: ${description.vocalLanguage}`)
  // The LM's duration is an estimate; the recovered codes fix the true length.
  console.log(`▸ Estimated duration: ${description.duration.toFixed(1)} s`)
  console.log(`▸ Recovered ${description.audioCodes.length} semantic codes`)
  if (stats) console.log(`▸ Stats: ${JSON.stringify({ ...stats, understand: undefined })}`)

  // `audioCodes` feeds straight back into audioGen() to re-synthesize the piece
  // without re-running the LM:
  //   audioGen({ modelId, caption: description.caption, audioCodes: description.audioCodes })

  await unloadModel({ modelId })
  modelId = undefined
  process.exit(0)
} catch (error) {
  if (modelId !== undefined) {
    try {
      await unloadModel({ modelId })
    } catch {
      // Preserve the understand error as the primary failure.
    }
  }
  console.error('✖', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

MiniMax-Music3

This example loads a local MiniMax-Music3 pair from the AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_LM_MODEL and AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_SYNTH_MODEL environment variables, generates an instrumental, and writes the PCM output as WAV. Set AUDIOGEN_MAX_FRAMES, AUDIOGEN_STEPS, and AUDIOGEN_CFG_SCALE to override the MiniMax-only per-run controls (maxFrames, inferenceSteps, cfgScale).

generate-music-minimax.ts
import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs'
import { audioGen, loadModel, unloadModel, type ModelProgressUpdate } from '@qvac/sdk'

// Usage:
//   AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_LM_MODEL=/models/mm3-lm-q8.gguf \
//   AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_SYNTH_MODEL=/models/mm3-synth-q8.gguf \
//   npx tsx examples/audiogen/generate-music-minimax.ts "warm cinematic piano" output.wav
const caption = process.argv[2] ?? 'Warm cinematic piano with gentle strings'
const outputPath = process.argv[3] ?? 'minimax-music3-output.wav'

let modelId: string | undefined

try {
  const threads = numberFromEnv('AUDIOGEN_THREADS')
  const maxFrames = numberFromEnv('AUDIOGEN_MAX_FRAMES')
  const inferenceSteps = numberFromEnv('AUDIOGEN_STEPS')

  console.log('▸ Loading MiniMax-Music3 models...')
  modelId = await loadModel({
    modelType: 'audiogen',
    modelConfig: {
      engine: 'minimax',
      lmModelSrc: requiredModelPath('AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_LM_MODEL'),
      synthModelSrc: requiredModelPath('AUDIOGEN_MINIMAX_SYNTH_MODEL'),
      useGPU: process.env['AUDIOGEN_USE_GPU'] === '1',
      ...(threads !== undefined && { threads })
    },
    onProgress: function (progress: ModelProgressUpdate) {
      logDownloadProgress(progress)
    }
  })

  console.log(`▸ Model loaded: ${modelId}`)
  console.log(`▸ Generating: ${caption}`)
  const run = audioGen({
    modelId,
    caption,
    lyrics: process.env['AUDIOGEN_LYRICS'] ?? '[Instrumental]',
    seed: numberFromEnv('AUDIOGEN_SEED') ?? 7,
    cfgScale: numberFromEnv('AUDIOGEN_CFG_SCALE') ?? 1.7,
    ...(maxFrames !== undefined && { maxFrames }),
    ...(inferenceSteps !== undefined && { inferenceSteps })
  })

  console.log(`▸ requestId: ${run.requestId}`)
  for await (const progress of run.progressStream) {
    const value =
      progress.total > 0 ? `${progress.step}/${progress.total}` : `${progress.step} (indeterminate)`
    console.log(`▸ ${progress.stage}: ${value}`)
  }

  const [audio, stats] = await Promise.all([run.audio, run.stats])
  writeFileSync(
    outputPath,
    createWav(audio.pcm, audio.sampleRate, audio.channels, audio.bitsPerSample)
  )
  if (stats) console.log(`▸ Stats: ${JSON.stringify(stats)}`)
  console.log(`▸ Saved ${outputPath}`)

  await unloadModel({ modelId })
  modelId = undefined
  console.log('▸ Model unloaded')
  process.exit(0)
} catch (error) {
  if (modelId !== undefined) {
    try {
      await unloadModel({ modelId })
    } catch {
      // Preserve the generation error as the primary failure.
    }
  }
  console.error('✖', error)
  process.exit(1)
}

function requiredModelPath(name: string) {
  const value = process.env[name]
  if (!value) throw new Error(`${name} is required`)
  return value
}

function numberFromEnv(name: string) {
  const value = process.env[name]
  if (value === undefined) return undefined
  if (value.trim() === '') throw new Error(`${name} must not be empty`)

  const number = Number(value)
  if (!Number.isFinite(number)) throw new Error(`${name} must be a finite number`)
  return number
}

function logDownloadProgress(progress: ModelProgressUpdate) {
  const downloadedMb = (progress.downloaded / 1e6).toFixed(1)
  const totalMb = (progress.total / 1e6).toFixed(1)
  const line = `▸ Downloading ${progress.percentage.toFixed(0)}% (${downloadedMb}/${totalMb} MB)`
  process.stderr.write(process.stderr.isTTY ? `\r${line}` : `${line}\n`)
  if (process.stderr.isTTY && progress.percentage >= 100) process.stderr.write('\n')
}

function createWav(pcm: Uint8Array, sampleRate: number, channels: number, bitsPerSample: number) {
  const header = new ArrayBuffer(44)
  const view = new DataView(header)
  const blockAlign = channels * (bitsPerSample / 8)

  writeAscii(view, 0, 'RIFF')
  view.setUint32(4, 36 + pcm.byteLength, true)
  writeAscii(view, 8, 'WAVE')
  writeAscii(view, 12, 'fmt ')
  view.setUint32(16, 16, true)
  view.setUint16(20, 1, true)
  view.setUint16(22, channels, true)
  view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true)
  view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(32, blockAlign, true)
  view.setUint16(34, bitsPerSample, true)
  writeAscii(view, 36, 'data')
  view.setUint32(40, pcm.byteLength, true)

  const wav = new Uint8Array(44 + pcm.byteLength)
  wav.set(new Uint8Array(header))
  wav.set(pcm, 44)
  return wav
}

function writeAscii(view: DataView, offset: number, value: string) {
  for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
    view.setUint8(offset + index, value.charCodeAt(index))
  }
}

Tip: see the JS/TS quickstart or the Python quickstart for setup instructions, and apply the first-run download configuration above on constrained connections.

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